摘要
埃塞俄比亚东方正统教会(Tewahedo)是非洲最古老的基督教传统之一,其历史可追溯至公元4世纪阿克苏姆王国的基督教化进程。通过国王埃扎纳的皈依与叙利亚传教士弗鲁门提乌斯的努力,基督教成为国家意识形态,并与亚历山大科普特教会紧密联系,形成合性论(Miaphysitism)神学体系。中世纪时期,教会在伊斯兰扩张的挑战下,通过修道院网络和所罗门王朝的政教结合巩固地位,并以《基布拉·纳加斯特》构建神圣王权叙事。近代以来,教会历经葡萄牙天主教渗透、奥罗莫族迁移、殖民抵抗及社会主义革命等挑战,最终于1959年脱离亚历山大教会实现自主。全球化时代,教会在维护吉兹文传统与应对福音派竞争的同时,通过海外移民社区延续文化影响力。其宗教艺术(如拉利贝拉教堂)、手稿传统及节日(如提姆卡特节)深刻塑造了埃塞俄比亚的民族认同,成为非洲基督教韧性与本土化的典范。
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